Europe is a continent rich in history, culture, and intellect. Across its vast and varied landscapes, there are numerous libraries that embody this richness, serving not only as repositories of knowledge but also as architectural wonders. Whether you’re a book lover or simply an admirer of exquisite design, Europe’s libraries are a sight to behold. Here, we delve into 10 remarkable libraries across the continent that you simply must visit.
The British Library, London, England
Home to over 170 million items, including some of the most treasured works in history, the British Library in London is one of the world’s largest and most important libraries. Beyond its extensive collections, the building itself is a modern marvel. Designed by Sir Colin St John Wilson, the library’s red-brick structure offers a contemporary contrast to the more historic landmarks in the city. Once you’re done admiring the architecture and diving into its vast collection, the ease of travel from London to Paris train can whisk you away to your next adventure, exploring the libraries across the English Channel.
National Library of France, Paris, France
France’s National Library (Bibliothèque Nationale de France) is an awe-inspiring destination for bibliophiles and architecture lovers alike. Founded by Charles V in 1368, it has grown into a library of impressive proportions. While its four main towers symbolising open books are iconic, the real treasure lies within – including manuscripts from the Middle Ages, early printed books, and rare maps. Its rich collection reflects centuries of French history and culture.
Clementinum, Prague, Czech Republic
Czechia’s Clementinum is one of the largest and most significant historic complexes in Europe. This 17th-century baroque beauty is not only a functional library but a stunning example of European architecture. The ornate interior, adorned with frescoes, gold accents, and marble floors, creates a grand atmosphere that makes reading here feel like stepping back in time. After exploring, travellers often hop on the train from Prague to Vienna, continuing their journey to the next architectural and literary marvel.
Austrian National Library, Vienna, Austria
Nestled within the imperial Hofburg Palace, the Austrian National Library is an architectural masterpiece. The Prunksaal (State Hall) is the centrepiece, and it’s nothing short of majestic with its high, arched ceilings and frescoes by Daniel Gran. Visitors are greeted by towering bookshelves filled with rare collections, making this library a must-see for anyone visiting Vienna. This splendid venue is not only for book enthusiasts but also for art and history lovers who can appreciate the baroque charm and its connections to Austria’s imperial past.
Trinity College Library, Dublin, Ireland
The Long Room at Trinity College Library in Dublin is one of the most famous and photographed libraries in the world. Established in the 18th century, the library boasts a vast collection of over 200,000 of the oldest books and manuscripts in Ireland, including the renowned Book of Kells. The magnificent oak-panelled room, with its 65-metre stretch of bookcases, is a literary sanctuary that evokes a sense of reverence for knowledge and history.
Admont Abbey Library, Admont, Austria
Admont Abbey Library in Austria is often referred to as the “eighth wonder of the world” and it’s easy to see why. With its bright white and gold-leaf interior, coupled with pastel frescoes, this is arguably the most beautiful library in the world. Built in the late 18th century, it houses around 70,000 volumes, including rare manuscripts and theological texts. The library’s magnificent ceiling frescoes represent the stages of human knowledge, creating a breath-taking blend of art and literature.
Royal Portuguese Reading Room, Rio de Janeiro, Portugal (yes, in Brazil!)
Despite being located in Brazil, the Royal Portuguese Reading Room was founded by the Portuguese immigrant community in Rio de Janeiro, maintaining strong European ties. Built in 1887, this stunning neo-Manueline building stands as a monument to Portugal’s cultural influence. With its stained-glass windows, detailed wood carvings, and shelves stacked with Portuguese literature, the library offers visitors a rare and immersive experience.
El Escorial Library, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain
El Escorial, just outside Madrid, is a historical residence of the King of Spain, and it’s home to one of the most remarkable libraries in Europe. The library was established in the 16th century by King Philip II and has been a major cultural and intellectual hub ever since. Its architectural splendour is evident in the intricately painted vaulted ceilings and vast collection of ancient books and manuscripts. The library’s unique design, including its long hall with marble floors and gold-accented shelves, embodies the grandeur of the Spanish Renaissance.
Stockholm Public Library, Stockholm, Sweden
With its cylindrical shape and minimalist Scandinavian design, the Stockholm Public Library stands out as a modern architectural gem. Designed by Swedish architect Gunnar Asplund and opened in 1928, this library was one of the first in Sweden to apply the principle of open shelves, allowing visitors direct access to books. The library’s iconic rotunda, filled with natural light and lined with thousands of books, makes for a tranquil and inspiring reading environment.
Mafra National Palace Library, Mafra, Portugal
The Mafra National Palace Library is a jewel of 18th-century Portuguese architecture, boasting an impressive baroque design. Its stunning floor-to-ceiling bookshelves house over 36,000 leather-bound volumes, many of which are rare or first editions. The library is perhaps most famous for its unique conservation method: a colony of bats resides there, helping to protect the books by feeding on harmful insects.